Part I: Elements of pitch; 1-1 and 1-2

I am actually no stranger to music theory. I have been studying the basics of it for years thanks to choir. Now that I am looking into it on a more advanced level, I realize that there is a lot that I don't know. After finishing the first example (1-1) I learned how to identify the pitches on a piano in the correct octave and write them on a staff.

I only started the second example (1-2) and these are things that I am a little more informed about. It asks to identify the steps (1 step or 1/2 step). I have learned how to use the scale with solfege and with that information under my belt I can figure out where the 1/2 step goes and where the whole step goes. The only difficulty I have faced is knowing where the flats and sharps go in the different keys. They are supposed to be noted as accidentals, not in a key signature. It's not what I am used to and threw me a curve ball.